Charles I

1. Charles II, born 1630, reigned 1660-85.

2. Mary Stuart, born 1631, mar William II de Nassau, Prince of Orange and had issue:
   1. William III (see here), "William of Orange", Prince of Orange, Count of Nassau,
      mar Mary II,
      reigned jointly (her 1689-94, him 1689-1702),
      Flight of the Wild Geese 1695,
      Act of Settlement 1701,
      Penal Laws 1691-1778.

3. James II (see here), born 1633, reigned 1685-8,
   mar 1stly to Anne Hyde and had issue:
   1. Mary II, mar William III,
      reigned jointly.

   2. Anne, reigned 1702-14.
      Crown passed to the House of Hanover.

   mar 2ndly to Mary of Modena,
   deposed by William and Mary 1688 (supported by parliament) because of the threat of a Catholic succession by his issue by his second wife:

   1. James Stuart, The Old Pretender, born 1688, had issue:
      1. Charles Stuart, The Young Pretender, "Bonnie Prince Charlie".

Timeline of 1688-91 period

  June 1688   James II's son is born
  July        Parliament invites William of Orange to depose King James
  Dec         James leaves England

  Apr 1689    William and Mary crowned
              Siege of Derry begins

  July 1690   Battle of the Boyne

  July 1691   Battle of Aughrim
  Oct         Siege of Limerick
              Jacobite surrender, Treaty of Limerick

Names deriving from Orange

• The word "orange":
  • The name of the fruit now called the orange was originally the Sanskrit narangah, later the Arabic naranj. The Moors introduced it to Europe in medieval times.
  • The name of the town of Orange, just N of Avignon, SE France, has an independent origin, but because it was a centre of trade in the fruit, with a similar name, it influenced the name of the fruit in French to become orange.
  • The colour orange is named after the fruit, using this new spelling.

• The House of Orange - The title of Prince of Orange is after the place in France.
• The Orange River, South Africa, is after the House of Orange. The name of the Orange Free State comes from this.

• After William of Orange:
  • The Ulster Orange Lodges. So it is certainly correct that they wear the colour orange.
  • Orange, NJ.
  • Orange, CT.
  • Orange, Ohio, is after Orange, CT.
  • Orange, MA is either after William of Orange or after a later Prince of Orange.
  • Orange, Texas, are either after the oranges that grow there, or after Orange, NJ.

  • Williamsburg, the old capital of Virginia.
  • College of William and Mary, VA.
  • The name "hill billies", referring to rural Ulster-Scots immigrants to America.
  • Nassau St, Dublin, is an interesting survival. It is actually named after William of Orange - but using his little-known family name - which is undoubtedly why it survived re-naming in the general 19th-20th cent. destruction and removal of all things connected to that Prince in southern Ireland.

• After other members of the House of Orange:
  • Orange, VA.
  • Orange, CA, is after Orange, VA.
  • Orangeburg, S Carolina.
  • Orange, NSW, Australia.

Other names

• After Charles I:
  • The Charles River (which runs through Boston), MA, New England.
  • And hence the town of Charlestown, Boston, MA.
  • The states of North and South Carolina (after the Latin for Charles).
• After Henrietta Maria de Bourbon:
  • The state of Maryland in the USA.

• The nursery rhyme "Jack Sprat (Could eat no fat, His wife could eat no lean)" is supposed to be about Charles I and Henrietta Maria.

• The nursery rhyme "Humpty Dumpty" may refer to Charles I, although there are many other theories.

• After James II:
  • Jamestown, Rhode Island.
  • Jamestown (on the James Bay), the capital of St.Helena, S Atlantic.
  • New York was not named after the English city (or at least, only indirectly) but rather was named after the Duke of York, the future James II.

• The nursery rhyme "Rock-A-Bye Baby" may refer to the infant son of James II and his many enemies, 1688.

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