Family tree - Flanagan - W.T. Cosgrave |
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W.T. Cosgrave,
Sinn Fein MP 1917-8,
elected as Sinn Fein MP for Kilkenny city
in by-election, 10 Aug 1917,
a poster says
"VOTE FOR COSGRAVE - A FELON OF OUR LAND",
Sinn Fein TD 1918-22,
elected for Sinn Fein
in Dec 1918 general election
in Kilkenny North,
unopposed,
James O'Mara won in Kilkenny South,
treasurer of Sinn Fein,
imprisoned again,
released 1919,
Member of the 1st Dail, Jan 1919,
Minister for Local Government 1919-21
in the new underground government,
with the job of
organising non-cooperation with the British authorities
and establishing an alternative system,
mar June 1919 to Louisa Flanagan [born 28th Aug 1882],
although on the run, he did much to undermine the existing institutions of local government,
particularly after Sinn Fein swept the 1920 council elections,
supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty, Dec 1921,
[Ward, 1983] tells story
of a plan by
Cumann na mBan
members to protest the Treaty
by raising the Union Jack over the
building housing the Treaty debates
(to denote the betrayal that was taking place),
they went to large shops looking for a Union Jack,
"But Mrs. Cosgrave .. happened to be in the exclusive shop of
Switzers"
[on Grafton St]
"and was told of what was happening.
She of course immediately reported the plot.",
Treaty was passed Jan 1922,
(pro-Treaty) Sinn Fein TD 1922-23,
re-elected TD for (pro-Treaty) Sinn Fein,
Carlow-Kilkenny,
general election, mid-June 1922,
Civil War
started end-June 1922,
Prime Minister 1922-32,
after death of
Arthur Griffith and
Michael Collins
Aug 1922,
W.T. became head of the pro-Treaty side,
when the constitution of the Irish Free State was
enacted Oct 1922, he became "President of the Executive Council"
or head of government,
first prime minister of Ireland ("President of the Executive Council"),
1922-32,
covering the governments of
1922-23
and
1923-27
and
1927
and
1927-32.
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The executions:
As head of Free State government in
Civil War,
he was ruthless in what he saw as defense of the state
against his former republican comrades.
By some he was
never forgiven for the execution without trial of
republican prisoners.
In all 77 republicans were executed by the Free State,
Nov 1922 - May 1923,
far more than the British executed in the War of Independence,
including
Erskine Childers,
hero of the Howth gun-running,
and (without trial)
Liam Mellowes
and Rory O'Connor
(ignoring even the pleas of the
Archbishop of Dublin,
who spent several hours with him, trying to persuade him
to stop the executions).
The hard line on law and order and against republicans continued
after the Civil War ended May 1923.
His legacy:
On the other hand, he did establish the southern state
on a firm footing,
avoiding fascism, communism and corruption,
to establish a true parliamentary democracy,
which, at one point in mid-20th cent,
would be one of only a handful of democracies left in the world.
Today,
only 10 countries out of 200 in the world
have been continuous (unbroken) democracies as long as Ireland.
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W.T. lived Beechpark, Templeogue, Co.Dublin,
the house was "burned" in the Civil War
[Frank Flanagan's memoirs],
re-built,
W.T. was
Minister for Finance 1922-23,
the pro-treaty government party was re-named
Cumann na nGaedheal Apr 1923,
Civil War ended May 1923,
Cumann na nGaedheal / Fine Gael TD 1923-44,
re-elected TD
Carlow-Kilkenny,
general election, Aug 1923,
for Cumann na nGaedheal,
Minister for Defence 1924, dealing with threatened mutiny 1924
by some old IRA officers in
Free State Army,
who planned to force the government to establish a Republic,
the officers backed down,
Knight of the Grand Cross of the
Order of Pius IX, 1925,
friend of
Frank Duff
and supporter of
Legion of Mary
(founded by Frank Duff 1921),
TD for Carlow-Kilkenny
until 1927,
TD for Cork city
1927-44,
Leader of Opposition 1932-44,
his party
lost power to the formerly anti-Treaty side Fianna Fail
in general election Feb 1932,
led Cumann na nGaedheal in opposition after 1932.
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The Blueshirts:
Both sides flirted with non-democracy in this period.
On the anti-Treaty side, now that Fianna Fail were in power, the IRA began to disrupt meetings of any opposition, with apparent government approval. On the pro-Treaty side, Cumann na nGaedheal had links with the Army Comrades Association (the Blueshirts), which was formed Feb 1932 as an anti-IRA, anti-communist group to protect the opposition. The Blueshirts adopted symbols of then-fashionable European fascism. They were not a serious fascist movement (with racial beliefs etc.), though membership was restricted to Christians, and they did express support for aspects of European fascism. Blueshirts re-named the National Guard, July 1933. Cumann na nGaedheal was re-named Fine Gael after merger with Blueshirts Sept 1933. But Fine Gael was dominated by the normal democratic party Cumann na nGaedheal, and the Blueshirts were finished by the end of 1934. |
W.T. did support
Franco
in the
Spanish Civil War
1936-9,
as did the remnant Blueshirts,
for W.T. (and other Catholic democrats in Ireland who supported Franco)
this was mainly about supporting a Catholic state
rather than about supporting non-democracy,
interestingly, despite the Blueshirts being remembered as Ireland's "fascists",
it was the IRA itself that would support the Nazis in WW2,
while Fine Gael were the most
pro-Allied
party
(W.T.'s deputy leader
James Dillon
wanted Ireland to join Britain in the war against Nazi Germany),
W.T. was
opposition leader until he resigned from the Dail, Jan 1944,
member of Irish Racing Board 1945, chairman for many years,
Louisa died 16th June 1959, Beechpark, age 76 yrs [GROI],
bur Cosgrave family grave, Goldenbridge cemetery, Inchicore, Co.Dublin,
see grave,
he died Tue 16th Nov 1965, Dublin, age 85 yrs,
State funeral, Thur 18th Nov,
bur Goldenbridge,
the President Eamon de Valera
and the Taoiseach Sean Lemass
both attended,
funeral reports in Irish Press and
Irish Independent, both Fri 19th Nov,
see [Dict. Ir. Biog.]
etc.,
had issue:
Members of the First Dail
(those not in jail),
Mansion House, Dublin, Jan 1919.
See other version.
This image is apparently public domain
(see here
and here).
Let me know
if otherwise.
This version from here.
James O'Mara 4th from RHS at back.
Front row includes a line of
Michael Collins,
Cathal Brugha,
Arthur Griffith,
Eamon de Valera,
Count Plunkett,
Eoin MacNeill,
W.T. Cosgrave.
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Stolen:
Our family had the above photo of the First Dail,
a copy made at the time for James O'Mara. This was stolen in a burglary at Kingswood, Clondalkin, Wed afternoon, 29th Dec 1993 (our family no longer live there). Contact me if you have any information about this. |
W.T. Cosgrave (front to left) at funeral of
Michael Collins,
Glasnevin, Aug 1922.
Image courtesy of
Cork Multitext Project, UCC
(see here).
Used with permission.
W.T. Cosgrave giving oration at funeral of
Michael Collins, Glasnevin, Aug 1922.
Image courtesy of
Cork Multitext Project, UCC
(see here).
Used with permission.
W.T. Cosgrave addressing crowd at College Green,
think shortly after he became President (i.e. Aug 1922),
think NOT Aug 1923.
Image courtesy of
Cork Multitext Project, UCC
(see here).
Used with permission.
W.T. Cosgrave presiding at meeting of
Free State cabinet,
during Civil War, Oct 1922.
(Left to Right): W.T. Cosgrave,
Ernest Blythe,
Kevin O'Higgins,
James J. Walsh.
Image courtesy of
Cork Multitext Project, UCC
(see here).
Used with permission.
See wider shot
from Collins 22 Society.
W.T. Cosgrave (centre) presiding at meeting of Free State cabinet, during Civil War, Oct 1922.
From Collins 22 Society.
Originally from Freeman's Journal,
7 Oct 1922, p.3.
W.T. Cosgrave, 1922.
Image courtesy of
Cork Multitext Project, UCC
(see here).
Used with permission.
W.T. Cosgrave (RHS), at Dublin Castle, early 1923.
Image courtesy of
Cork Multitext Project, UCC
(see here).
Used with permission.
W.T. Cosgrave (RHS) returning from
League of Nations, 1923.
Here he talks with the Captain aboard the SS Lady Louth as the ship is about to enter the River Liffey.
Image courtesy of
Cork Multitext Project, UCC
(see here).
Used with permission.
W.T. Cosgrave, 1923.
Image courtesy of
Cork Multitext Project, UCC
(see here).
Used with permission.
W.T. Cosgrave (front to left),
Free State government group,
outside NUI
Office, Merrion Square, Dublin,
c.1923.
Image courtesy of
Cork Multitext Project, UCC
(see here).
Used with permission.
W.T. Cosgrave (RHS) starts the building of the Ardnacrusha hydroelectric power station, 13 August 1925.
At the time, this was the largest hydroelectric station in the world.
Image courtesy of
Cork Multitext Project, UCC
(see here).
Used with permission.
W.T. Cosgrave (front RHS) at the state funeral for the assassinated
Kevin O'Higgins, July 1927.
Front centre is Tim Healy, the Governor-General.
Image courtesy of
Cork Multitext Project, UCC
(see here).
Used with permission.
W.T. Cosgrave leading the funeral for
Kevin O'Higgins
past Government buildings, July 1927.
Image courtesy of
Cork Multitext Project, UCC
(see here).
Used with permission.
W.T. Cosgrave re-opens the re-built GPO, Apr 1928.
Image courtesy of
Cork Multitext Project, UCC
(see here).
Used with permission.
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